The protests have been most intense at US universities, where hundreds of students demonstrated against the war in Gaza in recent days. Pro-Palestinian demonstrators were arrested by police.
During earlier protests, the US House of Representatives became involved. Congress subjected the heads of leading universities to intense questioning about taking action to combat anti-Semitism. The storm of criticism eventually led the president of Harvard to resign.
Here in the Netherlands, students are also expressing their opposition to events in Gaza. In Utrecht last month, the university’s Foundation Day celebrations were disrupted. Slogans were daubed on a university building in Groningen and a similar incident occurred in Nijmegen. Back in early November, protestors occupied a building at Maastricht, accusing the university of being “complicit in genocide”. Many more protests have since taken place.
Neutral
In most cases, protesters are demanding that their universities speak out against Israel’s use of force, just as they previously took a stance on Russia’s war on Ukraine. However, university executives are keen to adopt a neutral position.
Their view is that some student groups support Israel and object to the moral indignation of pro-Palestinian protesters who are also reticent about the abuses committed by Hamas.
As in the US, many critics in the Netherlands see the pro-Palestinian protests as anti-Semitic, especially when they make use of slogans such as ‘from the river to the sea’. In Utrecht, some students described the protests as intimidating. A number of Jewish students at Radboud University Nijmegen say they no longer feel safe.
Most higher education institutions have taken a repressive approach, for example in Groningen, by invoking the university code of conduct. The University of Amsterdam shut down a building shortly before a protest was due to begin. Leiden’s response sparked controversy back in November, when security guards chased demonstrators well beyond the university grounds. The suggestion being that there was no place for such protests at the university. Even teach-ins or organised discussions on this issue can be subject to restrictions.
Academic freedom
Bans such as these can be at odds with academic freedom writes Paul Zoontjens, emeritus professor of education law at Tilburg University, in the Dutch Journal of Educational Law and Policy. After all, the concept of academic freedom applies to students as well as academic staff. While institutions have every right to safeguard security, the measures they take should never be excessive. “General arguments about countering polarisation and protecting the safety of students and staff are not sufficient justification.”
Even so, polarisation is a problem. One group argues that genocide is taking place in Gaza and that silence is consent. The other points out that Hamas carried out a horrific attack and that Israeli citizens are still being held hostage. Emotions are running high. Accusations of anti-Semitism and Islamophobia, whether justified or not, only serve to heighten sensitivities.
House of Representatives
Today, the House of Representatives is debating the issue of anti-Semitism, with outgoing Education Minister Robbert Dijkgraaf in attendance. The situation in higher education is likely to come up. In an earlier letter to the House, Dijkgraaf wrote: “I greatly appreciate the efforts of teachers and administrators who are making this difficult conversation possible at their institutions and I urge them to continue to do so.”
This was in response to written questions submitted by BBB, PVV and SGP about the protest that culminated in students being pursued by security guards. Flyers in support of Hamas were reportedly being distributed when the incident occurred. “First and foremost, let me say that everyone should be able to feel safe in education and at their educational institution”, Dijkgraaf wrote. “Anti-Semitism, hatred against Muslims and every other form of discrimination is completely unacceptable.”
What exactly constitutes hate or discrimination? “It’s not for me to judge whether certain statements are within the limits of the law”, the minister insisted.
