{"id":84996,"date":"2018-03-08T11:44:45","date_gmt":"2018-03-08T10:44:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/?p=84996"},"modified":"2025-12-19T11:22:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-19T10:22:57","slug":"lineair-of-cyclisch","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2018\/03\/08\/lineair-of-cyclisch\/","title":{"rendered":"Linear or Cyclical?"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"853\" src=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28133548\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-017-1280x853.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139126\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-80756\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28133548\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-017-1280x853.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139126 1280w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28133548\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-017-875x583.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139126 875w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28133548\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-017-300x200.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139126 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><p data-component=\"image-credits\" class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-2 items-center text-base\">\n\t<span aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n<path d=\"M19.5 5.25H16.9012L15.6234 3.33375C15.555 3.23114 15.4623 3.147 15.3535 3.08879C15.2448 3.03057 15.1233 3.00007 15 3H9C8.87665 3.00007 8.75522 3.03057 8.64648 3.08879C8.53773 3.147 8.44502 3.23114 8.37656 3.33375L7.09781 5.25H4.5C3.90326 5.25 3.33097 5.48705 2.90901 5.90901C2.48705 6.33097 2.25 6.90326 2.25 7.5V18C2.25 18.5967 2.48705 19.169 2.90901 19.591C3.33097 20.0129 3.90326 20.25 4.5 20.25H19.5C20.0967 20.25 20.669 20.0129 21.091 19.591C21.5129 19.169 21.75 18.5967 21.75 18V7.5C21.75 6.90326 21.5129 6.33097 21.091 5.90901C20.669 5.48705 20.0967 5.25 19.5 5.25ZM15.375 12.375C15.375 13.0425 15.1771 13.695 14.8062 14.25C14.4354 14.8051 13.9083 15.2376 13.2916 15.4931C12.6749 15.7485 11.9963 15.8154 11.3416 15.6852C10.6869 15.5549 10.0855 15.2335 9.61351 14.7615C9.14151 14.2895 8.82007 13.6881 8.68985 13.0334C8.55962 12.3787 8.62646 11.7001 8.88191 11.0834C9.13735 10.4667 9.56993 9.93964 10.125 9.56879C10.68 9.19794 11.3325 9 12 9C12.8951 9 13.7535 9.35558 14.3865 9.98851C15.0194 10.6214 15.375 11.4799 15.375 12.375Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n<\/span>\n\t<span class=\"sr-only\">Image by:<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/persons\/levien-willemse\/\" class=\"underline hocus:no-underline decoration-1 underline-offset-2\">Levien Willemse<\/a>\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure><p>Have we as a society encountered a stagnation phase? In my recent reads, it appears that even the most seasoned reporters\/analysts seem to agree the uncertainty over the future of some of the world\u2019s more complex societies. Even more worrying, on average the level of democracy around the world has been in constant decline since 2012.<\/p>\n<p>The future of developing democracies becomes even more bleak when you additionally consider that recently the Chinese parliament has approved indefinite reelection for their president, Xi Jinping, and to everyone\u2019s bewilderments, polls show that Italy favored parties in the election are all far-right. This seemingly empowering political parties in Italy are also lead by counter establishment individual with one of them being Silvio Berlusconi, one of Italy\u2019s most infamous and corrupt politicians for decades. The outcome of this election would see Italy join the likes of Hungary and Poland and revitalize the far right speech in Europe. With this and many other developing news stories one can assume that this counterproductive trend will continue by the end of 2018.<\/p>\n<p>The instances mentioned above are only two noticeable examples taken in the last two weeks, but I assume that any person that sporadically reads the news would be able to connect other similar situations around the world where it seems the wrong choice is been taken.<\/p>\n<p>These cases shed the light on an increasing societal problem: the perception that some societies are regressing in time. With so many similar historically and contemporary occurrences having the same negative outcomes why are societies still stumbling upon them? As the old saying goes \u201cthose who don\u2019t learn from history are doomed to repeat it\u201d. What can be objectively seen like progress is then later curtailed by senseless choices which slowly regress humanity into old practices and more conservative mindsets. I could be exaggerating as well, but most of these observations also imply that humanity progresses in a cyclical motion with highs and lows, as opposed to a more desired and simple linear trajectory.<\/p>\n<p>What could then be a possible solution to avoid the retaliation from these societal cycles in the future? One solution could be as simple as taking wiser, better calculated choices within a whole society while also eliminating evils such as corruption. Unfortunately, this is easier said than done. The other more technical approach to this problem could be through the implementation of technology.<\/p>\n<p>The influence of technology is hardly a new theme, and numerous numerically based fields such as finance have been significantly improved by using decision-supporting systems and AI to calculate and evaluate choices. The issue at hand would be to examine how decision-making systems could potentially improve a society and to apply this insight to non-numerical decisions in the domains of politics, humanities, psychology and even relationships.<\/p>\n<p>Compared to societal lows and highs, computational approaches would probably point towards rational decisions \u2013 facilitating and alleviating the burden of human decision-making and ensuring a linear societal progress. You may be thinking at this point \u201cthis sounds like another \u2018Black Mirror episode\u2019.\u201d It may indeed seem grim and like an unnecessary change, but such implementations could help prevent unnecessary curvatures and dents in our continually developing societies.<\/p>\n<p><em>Pietro Vigilanza from Venezuela lives in Rotterdam since two years and studies IBCoM<\/em><\/p>\n\n\t<div data-name=\"acf\/persons\" class=\"mt-6 md:mt-8 lg:mt-10\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"sr-only\">De redactie<\/h2>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"space-y-6\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<ul class=\"grid grid-cols-1 md:grid-cols-2 gap-4 md:gap-8 md:items-center\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div data-component=\"teaser-person\" class=\"relative flex gap-4 items-center md:gap-8\">\n\n\t\t\t<span class=\"image:rounded-full image:size-20 image:aspect-square image:object-cover md:image:size-36 shrink-0\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1345\" src=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28132753\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-0051-1600x1345.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139161\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28132753\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-0051-1600x1345.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139161 1600w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28132753\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-0051-300x252.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139161 300w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28132753\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-0051-875x735.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139161 875w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28132753\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-0051-1280x1076.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139161 1280w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28132753\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-0051-150x126.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139161 150w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28132753\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-0051-225x189.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139161 225w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2017\/09\/28132753\/Pietro-Vigilanza-0917-0051.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139161 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\t\n\t<div>\n\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/persons\/pietro-vigilanza\/\" class=\"absolute-link font-tiempos-headline underline hocus:no-underline decoration-1 underline-offset-2 text-lg text-current\">Pietro Vigilanza<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t<div data-name=\"acf\/posts\" class=\"alignfull py-6 md:py-8 lg:py-10 bg-white\" >\n\t\t<div class=\"container-fixed\">\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"space-y-6 md:space-y-8\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"text-xl md:text-2xl\">Latest news<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<ul data-component=\"post-grid\" class=\"grid items-stretch grid-cols-1 gap-2 md:gap-4 lg:gap-8 text-zoom-lg:grid-cols-1\n\t\t\n\t\tlg:grid-cols-3\n\t\t\">\n\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li class=\"@container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div data-component=\"teaser-post\" class=\"block-theme-sand hidden lg:flex h-full relative flex bg-sand-300\n\tblock-theme-violet:bg-white block-theme-violet:text-purple block-theme-mocha:bg-sand-500 block-theme-mocha:text-brown\n\tblock-theme-sand:bg-sand-300 block-theme-sand:text-neutral-900\n\tblock-theme-violet:outline-purple-100 block-theme-violet:outline-1 block-theme-violet:outline-t-0\n\tflex-col @xl:flex-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relative image:w-full image:aspect-video image:object-cover shrink-0 w-full @xl:w-1\/2\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1018\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-scaled.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286\" class=\"attachment-video_xl size-video_xl\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-scaled.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 2560w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-875x618.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 875w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-1600x1131.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 1600w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-300x212.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 300w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-1280x905.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 1280w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-1536x1086.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 1536w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-2048x1448.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 2048w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-150x106.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 150w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-225x159.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1018px) 100vw, 1018px\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col gap-2 md:gap-4 p-4 @md:p-8 @xl:p-8 \">\n\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"text-md @sm:text-xl @md:text-2xl @xl:text-2xl\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2026\/04\/20\/kabinet-wil-meer-tijdelijke-huurcontracten-voor-studenten\/\" class=\"absolute-link text-current underline-offset-2 decoration-2 hocus:underline @md:decoration-3 @xl:decoration-4 inline-block\">\n\t\t\t\tCabinet wants more temporary rental contracts for students\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 items-center\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\">Gepubliceerd op:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<time class=\"text-sm font-soehne text-neutral-900\" datetime=\"2026-04-20\">20 April 2026<\/time>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<ul data-component=\"list-badges\" class=\"flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap\" aria-label=\"Geplaatst in categorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-component=\"badge\" class=\"block-theme-violet:bg-purple font-soehne font-bold text-sm bg-brown-600 block-theme-violet:bg-purple text-white py-[2px] px-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHousing\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div data-component=\"teaser-post-small\" class=\"block-theme-sand lg:hidden relative flex h-full bg-sand-300\n\tblock-theme-violet:bg-white block-theme-violet:text-purple block-theme-mocha:bg-sand-500 block-theme-mocha:text-brown\n\tblock-theme-sand:bg-sand-300 block-theme-sand:text-neutral-900\n\tblock-theme-violet:outline-purple-100 block-theme-violet:outline-1 block-theme-violet:outline-t-0\n\ttheme-mocha:bg-white! theme-violet:bg-white! theme-sand:bg-white!\n\tflex-row gap-4 @md:gap-8 p-4 @md:p-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image:w-full image:aspect-square image:object-cover shrink-0 size-17.5 @sm:size-21.25 @md:size-30 @lg:size-40\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"460\" height=\"325\" src=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-scaled.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286\" class=\"attachment-square_lg size-square_lg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-scaled.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 2560w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-875x618.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 875w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-1600x1131.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 1600w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-300x212.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 300w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-1280x905.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 1280w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-1536x1086.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 1536w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-2048x1448.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 2048w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-150x106.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 150w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/2022\/05\/23145741\/Studentenhuisvesting-huur-tekort-studentenwoningen-renting-studentenhuis-woningnood-Stock-illustratie-Migle-Alonderyte-225x159.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1766139286 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col gap-2 md:gap-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"text-md @lg:text-lg\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2026\/04\/20\/kabinet-wil-meer-tijdelijke-huurcontracten-voor-studenten\/\" class=\"absolute-link text-current hocus:underline inline-block\">\n\t\t\t\tCabinet wants more temporary rental contracts for students\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 items-center\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\">Gepubliceerd op:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<time class=\"text-sm font-soehne text-neutral-900\" datetime=\"2026-04-20\">20 April 2026<\/time>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<ul data-component=\"list-badges\" class=\"flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap\" aria-label=\"Geplaatst in categorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-component=\"badge\" class=\"block-theme-violet:bg-purple font-soehne font-bold text-sm bg-brown-600 block-theme-violet:bg-purple text-white py-[2px] px-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHousing\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li class=\"@container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div data-component=\"teaser-post\" class=\"block-theme-sand hidden lg:flex h-full relative flex bg-sand-300\n\tblock-theme-violet:bg-white block-theme-violet:text-purple block-theme-mocha:bg-sand-500 block-theme-mocha:text-brown\n\tblock-theme-sand:bg-sand-300 block-theme-sand:text-neutral-900\n\tblock-theme-violet:outline-purple-100 block-theme-violet:outline-1 block-theme-violet:outline-t-0\n\tflex-col @xl:flex-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relative image:w-full image:aspect-video image:object-cover shrink-0 w-full @xl:w-1\/2\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/metro_dicht_voorschoterlaan_april2026_2__esther-dijkstra-1280x720.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776684112\" class=\"attachment-video_xl size-video_xl\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/metro_dicht_voorschoterlaan_april2026_2__esther-dijkstra-1280x720.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776684112 1280w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/metro_dicht_voorschoterlaan_april2026_2__esther-dijkstra-500x282.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776684112 500w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/metro_dicht_voorschoterlaan_april2026_2__esther-dijkstra-832x468.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776684112 832w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col gap-2 md:gap-4 p-4 @md:p-8 @xl:p-8 \">\n\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"text-md @sm:text-xl @md:text-2xl @xl:text-2xl\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2026\/04\/20\/langere-reistijden-naar-campus-woudestein-door-werkzaamheden-metrostations\/\" class=\"absolute-link text-current underline-offset-2 decoration-2 hocus:underline @md:decoration-3 @xl:decoration-4 inline-block\">\n\t\t\t\tLonger travel times to Woudestein campus due to metro maintenance work\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 items-center\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\">Gepubliceerd op:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<time class=\"text-sm font-soehne text-neutral-900\" datetime=\"2026-04-20\">20 April 2026<\/time>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<ul data-component=\"list-badges\" class=\"flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap\" aria-label=\"Geplaatst in categorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-component=\"badge\" class=\"block-theme-violet:bg-purple font-soehne font-bold text-sm bg-brown-600 block-theme-violet:bg-purple text-white py-[2px] px-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStudent life\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div data-component=\"teaser-post-small\" class=\"block-theme-sand lg:hidden relative flex h-full bg-sand-300\n\tblock-theme-violet:bg-white block-theme-violet:text-purple block-theme-mocha:bg-sand-500 block-theme-mocha:text-brown\n\tblock-theme-sand:bg-sand-300 block-theme-sand:text-neutral-900\n\tblock-theme-violet:outline-purple-100 block-theme-violet:outline-1 block-theme-violet:outline-t-0\n\ttheme-mocha:bg-white! theme-violet:bg-white! theme-sand:bg-white!\n\tflex-row gap-4 @md:gap-8 p-4 @md:p-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image:w-full image:aspect-square image:object-cover shrink-0 size-17.5 @sm:size-21.25 @md:size-30 @lg:size-40\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"460\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/metro_dicht_voorschoterlaan_april2026_2__esther-dijkstra-460x460.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776684112\" class=\"attachment-square_lg size-square_lg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/metro_dicht_voorschoterlaan_april2026_2__esther-dijkstra-460x460.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776684112 460w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/metro_dicht_voorschoterlaan_april2026_2__esther-dijkstra-115x115.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776684112 115w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/metro_dicht_voorschoterlaan_april2026_2__esther-dijkstra-230x230.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776684112 230w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col gap-2 md:gap-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"text-md @lg:text-lg\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2026\/04\/20\/langere-reistijden-naar-campus-woudestein-door-werkzaamheden-metrostations\/\" class=\"absolute-link text-current hocus:underline inline-block\">\n\t\t\t\tLonger travel times to Woudestein campus due to metro maintenance work\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 items-center\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\">Gepubliceerd op:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<time class=\"text-sm font-soehne text-neutral-900\" datetime=\"2026-04-20\">20 April 2026<\/time>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<ul data-component=\"list-badges\" class=\"flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap\" aria-label=\"Geplaatst in categorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-component=\"badge\" class=\"block-theme-violet:bg-purple font-soehne font-bold text-sm bg-brown-600 block-theme-violet:bg-purple text-white py-[2px] px-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStudent life\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<li class=\"@container\">\n\t\t\t\t\n<div data-component=\"teaser-post\" class=\"block-theme-sand hidden lg:flex h-full relative flex bg-sand-300\n\tblock-theme-violet:bg-white block-theme-violet:text-purple block-theme-mocha:bg-sand-500 block-theme-mocha:text-brown\n\tblock-theme-sand:bg-sand-300 block-theme-sand:text-neutral-900\n\tblock-theme-violet:outline-purple-100 block-theme-violet:outline-1 block-theme-violet:outline-t-0\n\tflex-col @xl:flex-row\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"relative image:w-full image:aspect-video image:object-cover shrink-0 w-full @xl:w-1\/2\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/lege-campus_empty_polak_avond-nacht_1_april2026_breadie_nhat-minh-bui-1280x720.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776685276\" class=\"attachment-video_xl size-video_xl\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/lege-campus_empty_polak_avond-nacht_1_april2026_breadie_nhat-minh-bui-1280x720.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776685276 1280w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/lege-campus_empty_polak_avond-nacht_1_april2026_breadie_nhat-minh-bui-500x282.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776685276 500w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/lege-campus_empty_polak_avond-nacht_1_april2026_breadie_nhat-minh-bui-832x468.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776685276 832w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col gap-2 md:gap-4 p-4 @md:p-8 @xl:p-8 \">\n\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"text-md @sm:text-xl @md:text-2xl @xl:text-2xl\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2026\/04\/20\/universiteitsraad-wil-polak-langer-open-in-avond-en-weekend\/\" class=\"absolute-link text-current underline-offset-2 decoration-2 hocus:underline @md:decoration-3 @xl:decoration-4 inline-block\">\n\t\t\t\tUniversity Council wants to extend opening hours of Polak during evenings and weekends\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 items-center\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\">Gepubliceerd op:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<time class=\"text-sm font-soehne text-neutral-900\" datetime=\"2026-04-20\">20 April 2026<\/time>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<ul data-component=\"list-badges\" class=\"flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap\" aria-label=\"Geplaatst in categorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-component=\"badge\" class=\"block-theme-violet:bg-purple font-soehne font-bold text-sm bg-brown-600 block-theme-violet:bg-purple text-white py-[2px] px-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCampus\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div data-component=\"teaser-post-small\" class=\"block-theme-sand lg:hidden relative flex h-full bg-sand-300\n\tblock-theme-violet:bg-white block-theme-violet:text-purple block-theme-mocha:bg-sand-500 block-theme-mocha:text-brown\n\tblock-theme-sand:bg-sand-300 block-theme-sand:text-neutral-900\n\tblock-theme-violet:outline-purple-100 block-theme-violet:outline-1 block-theme-violet:outline-t-0\n\ttheme-mocha:bg-white! theme-violet:bg-white! theme-sand:bg-white!\n\tflex-row gap-4 @md:gap-8 p-4 @md:p-6\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"image:w-full image:aspect-square image:object-cover shrink-0 size-17.5 @sm:size-21.25 @md:size-30 @lg:size-40\">\n\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"460\" height=\"460\" src=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/lege-campus_empty_polak_avond-nacht_1_april2026_breadie_nhat-minh-bui-460x460.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776685276\" class=\"attachment-square_lg size-square_lg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/lege-campus_empty_polak_avond-nacht_1_april2026_breadie_nhat-minh-bui-460x460.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776685276 460w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/lege-campus_empty_polak_avond-nacht_1_april2026_breadie_nhat-minh-bui-115x115.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776685276 115w, https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/8\/lege-campus_empty_polak_avond-nacht_1_april2026_breadie_nhat-minh-bui-230x230.jpg?image-crop-positioner-ts=1776685276 230w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t<div class=\"flex flex-col gap-2 md:gap-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"text-md @lg:text-lg\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2026\/04\/20\/universiteitsraad-wil-polak-langer-open-in-avond-en-weekend\/\" class=\"absolute-link text-current hocus:underline inline-block\">\n\t\t\t\tUniversity Council wants to extend opening hours of Polak during evenings and weekends\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\n\t\t<div class=\"flex flex-wrap gap-4 items-center\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sr-only\">Gepubliceerd op:<\/span>\n\t\t\t<time class=\"text-sm font-soehne text-neutral-900\" datetime=\"2026-04-20\">20 April 2026<\/time>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t<ul data-component=\"list-badges\" class=\"flex items-center gap-2 flex-wrap\" aria-label=\"Geplaatst in categorie\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div data-component=\"badge\" class=\"block-theme-violet:bg-purple font-soehne font-bold text-sm bg-brown-600 block-theme-violet:bg-purple text-white py-[2px] px-2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCampus\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"text-right text-brown-600\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\n\n\n<a\n\tdata-variant=\"outline\"\n\tdata-size=\"default\"\n\tclass=\"group inline-flex justify-center items-center gap-2 cursor-pointer text-md font-soehne underline-offset-2 decoration-2 px-4 min-h-[3.75rem] border-2 border-current bg-transparent text-current font-bold hocus:underline w-full lg:w-auto\"\n\n\t\n\t\t\thref=\"\"\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<span data-button-text class=\"\">\n\t\t\tAll articles\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\" flex items-center justify-center w-[1em] h-[1em] icon  \" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" width=\"20\" height=\"17\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 17\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n<path d=\"M18.25 7.5C18.8023 7.5 19.25 7.94772 19.25 8.5C19.25 9.05228 18.8023 9.5 18.25 9.5H1.75C1.19772 9.5 0.75 9.05228 0.75 8.5C0.75 7.94772 1.19772 7.5 1.75 7.5H18.25Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\n<path d=\"M10.793 1.04295C11.1835 0.65243 11.8165 0.65243 12.207 1.04295L18.957 7.79295C19.3476 8.18348 19.3476 8.81649 18.957 9.20702L12.207 15.957C11.8165 16.3475 11.1835 16.3475 10.793 15.957C10.4024 15.5665 10.4024 14.9335 10.793 14.543L16.8359 8.49999L10.793 2.45702C10.4024 2.06649 10.4024 1.43348 10.793 1.04295Z\" fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\n<\/svg>\n\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Have we as a society encountered a stagnation phase? In my recent reads, it appears that even the most seasoned reporters\/analysts seem to agree the uncertainty over the future of some of the world\u2019s more complex societies. Even more worrying, on average the level of democracy around the world has been in constant decline since [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"featured_media":80756,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_trash_the_other_posts":false,"editor_notices":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[127],"em_content_type":[24781],"class_list":["post-84996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rubriek-column-en","em_content_type-opinie-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Linear or Cyclical?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"According to Pietro Vigilanza humanity progresses in a cyclical motion with highs and lows, as opposed to a more desired and simple linear trajectory.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2018\/03\/08\/lineair-of-cyclisch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Linear or Cyclical?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"According to Pietro Vigilanza humanity progresses in a cyclical motion with highs and lows, as opposed to a more desired and simple linear trajectory.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.erasmusmagazine.nl\/en\/2018\/03\/08\/lineair-of-cyclisch\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Erasmus Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ErasmusMagazineInternational\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-03-08T10:44:45+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" 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